Fire Management, Managed Relocation, and Land Conservation Options for Long‐Lived Obligate Seeding Plants under Global Changes in Climate, Urbanization, and Fire Regime

摘要: Most species face multiple anthropogenic disruptions. Few studies have quantified the cumulative influence of threats on conservation concern, and far fewer potential relative value interventions in light these threats. We linked spatial distribution population viability models to explore under projected climate change, urbanization, changes fire regime a long-lived obligate seeding plant sensitive high frequencies, dominant functional type many fire-prone ecosystems, including biodiversity hotspots Mediterranean-type ecosystems. First, we investigated risk decline for populations landscapes with without land protection an existing habitat plan. Second, modeled effectiveness relocating both seedlings seeds from large patch predicted declines area 2 unoccupied recipient patches increasing change scenarios. Finally, 8 return intervals (FRIs) approximating outcomes different management strategies that effectively control frequency. Invariably, remained viable only when FRIs were maintained at or above minimum level. Land seedling relocation efforts lessened impact land-use differing degrees depending scenario, but neither was as generally effective frequent translocation seeds. While none fully compensated effects integrative approach managing may diminish complex landscapes. Conservation plans designed mitigate impacts single threat are likely fail if additional ignored.