The genes encoding human protein kinase CK2 and their functional links.

摘要: Abstract Protein kinase CK2 is a Ser⧸Thr phosphotransferase that occurs ubiquitously among eukaryotes. It pleiotropic, vital, and highly conserved. tetramer composed of two catalytic (α) regulatory (β) subunits. Both subunits may occur in isoforms both play roles independent the holoenzymes they form. Humans express α, α′, β The human genome contains four loci at different chromosomes, enclosing three active genes pseudogene. This chapter reviews chromosomal location, structural organization, expressional control genes. shows CK2's conservation can also be recognized nucleic acid level, have features common, some these are appropriate for coordinate transcriptional regulation. In particular, an identical Ets1 double motif cross-talks to multiple Sp1 (and other) sites present α gene promoters, holoenzyme but not CK2α phosphorylates Sp1, resulting loss DNA binding. compatible with negative feedback according which expression leads increased level thus phosphorylation, which, turn, decreases transcription. As consequence, constant transcript levels expected adjust. cultured cells, this indeed case, their respective proliferation or differentiation status. provides overview functional links cell-cycle-regulated Based on comparative genome-wide profiles Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild-type mutant strains, shown involved transcription regulation various related cell-cycle control, including encoding cyclins components spindle pole body formation dynamics. Strikingly, most affected lack common elements promoters large group chromatin remodeling factors altered, idea plays role global process transcription-related remodeling. addition, seen diverse metabolic nutritional supply pathways, MET responsible methionine synthesis, PHO phosphate maintenance, interestingly, uncoupled from its central cyclin-Cdk upon perturbation.