Total vs. internal element concentrations in Scots pine needles along a sulphur and metal pollution gradient.

摘要: Analysis of foliar elements is a commonly used method for studying tree nutrition and monitoring the impacts air pollutants on forest ecosystems. Interpretations based results element analysis may, however, be different in vs. studies. We studied severe sulphur metal (mainly Cu Ni) pollution concentrations (Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, S Zn) Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) foliage along an airborne gradient. Emphasis was put determining contribution air-borne particles that have accumulated needle surfaces to total concentrations. A comparison two soil extraction methods carried out order obtain reliable estimate plant-available soil. Element showed only weak relationship with internal There were no clear differences between gradient, whereas at plot closest smelter complex youngest needles 1.3-fold Ni over 1.6-fold higher than Chloroform-extracted surface wax found as high 3000 600 μg/g wax, respectively. Our suggest bioindicator studies (e.g. studies) may require techniques from those nutritional status trees.