Marine Polyhydroxynaphthoquinone, Echinochrome A: Prevention of Atherosclerotic Inflammation and Probable Molecular Targets.

摘要: The effect of low doses echinochrome A (EchA), a natural polyhydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone pigment from the sea urchin Scaphechinus mirabilis, has been studied in clinical trials, when it was used as an active substance drug Histochrome® and biologically supplement Thymarin. Several parameters lipid metabolism, antioxidant status, state immune system were analyzed patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including contaminating atherosclerosis. It shown that EchA effectively normalizes recovers status reduces atherosclerotic inflammation, regardless method these preparations' administrations. Treatment led to stabilization patients, improved function intracellular matrix decreased epithelial dysfunction. increased expression surface human leukocyte antigen DR isotype (HLA-DR) receptors reflects intensification intercellular cooperation cells, well increase efficiency processing presentation antigens, while regulation CD95 + levels suggests stimulation cell renewal processes. goes different level functioning. Computer simulations suggest EchA, its aromatic structure naphthoquinone nucleus, may be suitable ligand cytosolic aryl receptor, which affects response causes rapid detoxification enzymes such CYP DT diaphorase, play protective role CVD. Therefore, possesses not only antiradical activity, but is also SOD3 mimetic, producing hydrogen peroxide controlling through hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF), peroxisome proliferator-activated (PPARs) hydrocarbon receptor (AhR).