Crosstalk Characterization of a Two-Tier Pixelated Avalanche Sensor for Charged Particle Detection

作者: Andrea Ficorella , Lucio Pancheri , Paolo Brogi , Gianmaria Collazuol , Gian-Franco Dalla Betta

DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2017.2755119

关键词: Electronic circuitPhotonPhotonicsOptoelectronicsDiodeDetectorPixelOpticsMaterials scienceCharged particleBiasing

摘要: In this paper, a complete optical crosstalk characterization of Geiger-mode pixelated avalanche detector for particle tracking application is presented. The device composed two tiers CMOS-integrated detectors bump bonded with pixel-level interconnects, each layer containing 16 $\times$ 48 array. On-chip coincidence detection circuits, designed to discriminate between particle-triggered events and dark counts, have been used acquire direct measurements. Crosstalk measurements as function excess bias voltage distance different diodes effect substrate thickness evaluated measuring dies three thicknesses: 280, 50, 25 $\mu$ m. Experimental results confirm the role reflected photons at bottom surface device, silicon acting 2-D waveguide thinner samples. global observed when all pixels in array are enabled reported, showing substantial increase Dark Count Rate (DCR) distributions. Pairs vertically aligned unshielded employed characterize intertier crosstalk.

参考文章(24)
H.W. van Zeijl, W.J. Kindt, S. Middelhoek, Optical Cross Talk in Geiger Mode Avalanche Photodiode Arrays: Modeling, Prevention and Measurement european solid-state device research conference. pp. 192- 195 ,(1998)
Juan Mata Pavia, Mario Scandini, Scott Lindner, Martin Wolf, Edoardo Charbon, A 1 × 400 Backside-Illuminated SPAD Sensor With 49.7 ps Resolution, 30 pJ/Sample TDCs Fabricated in 3D CMOS Technology for Near-Infrared Optical Tomography IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits. ,vol. 50, pp. 2406- 2418 ,(2015) , 10.1109/JSSC.2015.2467170
Complete characterization of SPADnet-I - a digital 8×16 SiPM array for PET applications nuclear science symposium and medical imaging conference. pp. 1- 4 ,(2013) , 10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829587
Hesong Xu, Lucio Pancheri, Leo HC Braga, Gian-Franco Dalla Betta, David Stoppa, None, Crosstalk Characterization of Single-photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) Arrays in CMOS 150 nm Technology☆ Procedia Engineering. ,vol. 87, pp. 1270- 1273 ,(2014) , 10.1016/J.PROENG.2014.11.417
G. Casse, Recent developments on silicon detectors Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment. ,vol. 732, pp. 16- 20 ,(2013) , 10.1016/J.NIMA.2013.05.191
Juha Kostamovaara, Jussi Tenhunen, Martin Kögler, Ilkka Nissinen, Jan Nissinen, Pekka Keränen, Fluorescence suppression in Raman spectroscopy using a time-gated CMOS SPAD Optics Express. ,vol. 21, pp. 31632- 31645 ,(2013) , 10.1364/OE.21.031632
I. Nissinen, J. Nissinen, J. Holma, J. Kostamovaara, Cross talk measurements of a time-gated 4×128 SPAD array for pulsed Raman spectroscopy norchip. pp. 1- 4 ,(2014) , 10.1109/NORCHIP.2014.7004711
Ivan Rech, Antonino Ingargiola, Roberto Spinelli, Ivan Labanca, Stefano Marangoni, Massimo Ghioni, Sergio Cova, Optical crosstalk in single photon avalanche diode arrays: a new complete model Optics Express. ,vol. 16, pp. 8381- 8394 ,(2008) , 10.1364/OE.16.008381
Cristiano Niclass, Mineki Soga, Hiroyuki Matsubara, Masaru Ogawa, Manabu Kagami, A 0.18- $\mu$ m CMOS SoC for a 100-m-Range 10-Frame/s 200 $\,\times\,$ 96-Pixel Time-of-Flight Depth Sensor IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits. ,vol. 49, pp. 315- 330 ,(2014) , 10.1109/JSSC.2013.2284352
Lucio Pancheri, David Stoppa, Gian-Franco Dalla Betta, Characterization and Modeling of Breakdown Probability in Sub-Micrometer CMOS SPADs IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. ,vol. 20, pp. 328- 335 ,(2014) , 10.1109/JSTQE.2014.2327791