作者: Ednaldo Monteiro da Silva , Enrico Bernard
DOI: 10.1017/S0030605314001082
关键词: Inefficiency 、 Business 、 De facto 、 Wildlife conservation 、 Finance 、 Enforcement 、 Legislation 、 Public policy 、 Payment 、 Environmental resource management 、 Wildlife
摘要: Brazil's biodiversity faces significant threats, including wildlife crime. Although is protected by law and there are enforcement agencies to administer penalties impose fines, the effectiveness of this system questionable. Tackling crime requires legislation aligned with well-structured mechanisms for surveillance de facto punishment. We used data on notifications violations payment fines associated in state Pernambuco over 12 years as a proxy efficiency tackling Brazil. tracked 803 processes from 2000–2012, extracting type violation, fine imposed, length process handling, processing status. The number rose 17 2004 167 2012, 69% cases occurring during 2008–2012. Only 37.6% were concluded, completion times 286–4,558 days. Some had been open 11.5 years. Fines totalling > USD 22 million issued but only c. 1% amount was paid. Small often pardoned or converted warning. has improved it still inefficient, errors notification entry, lengthy judicial process, an inability recover unpaid fines.