Inefficiency in the fight against wildlife crime in Brazil

作者: Ednaldo Monteiro da Silva , Enrico Bernard

DOI: 10.1017/S0030605314001082

关键词: InefficiencyBusinessDe factoWildlife conservationFinanceEnforcementLegislationPublic policyPaymentEnvironmental resource managementWildlife

摘要: Brazil's biodiversity faces significant threats, including wildlife crime. Although is protected by law and there are enforcement agencies to administer penalties impose fines, the effectiveness of this system questionable. Tackling crime requires legislation aligned with well-structured mechanisms for surveillance de facto punishment. We used data on notifications violations payment fines associated in state Pernambuco over 12 years as a proxy efficiency tackling Brazil. tracked 803 processes from 2000–2012, extracting type violation, fine imposed, length process handling, processing status. The number rose 17 2004 167 2012, 69% cases occurring during 2008–2012. Only 37.6% were concluded, completion times 286–4,558 days. Some had been open 11.5 years. Fines totalling > USD 22 million issued but only c. 1% amount was paid. Small often pardoned or converted warning. has improved it still inefficient, errors notification entry, lengthy judicial process, an inability recover unpaid fines.

参考文章(19)
E. BERNARD, L. A. O. PENNA, E. ARAÚJO, Downgrading, downsizing, degazettement, and reclassification of protected areas in Brazil. Conservation Biology. ,vol. 28, pp. 939- 950 ,(2014) , 10.1111/COBI.12298
Paul Jepson, Richard J. Ladle, Governing bird-keeping in Java and Bali: evidence from a household survey Oryx. ,vol. 43, pp. 364- 374 ,(2009) , 10.1017/S0030605309990251
Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega Alves, Ierecê L. Rosa, Trade of Animals Used in Brazilian Traditional Medicine: Trends and Implications for Conservation Human Ecology. ,vol. 38, pp. 691- 704 ,(2010) , 10.1007/S10745-010-9352-0
Stephan Schwartzman, Paulo Moutinho, Steven Hamburg, Policy Update: Amazon deforestation and Brazil’s forest code: a crossroads for climate change Carbon Management. ,vol. 3, pp. 341- 343 ,(2012) , 10.4155/CMT.12.34
D. P. McCarthy, P. F. Donald, J. P. W. Scharlemann, G. M. Buchanan, A. Balmford, J. M. H. Green, L. A. Bennun, N. D. Burgess, L. D. C. Fishpool, S. T. Garnett, D. L. Leonard, R. F. Maloney, P. Morling, H. M. Schaefer, A. Symes, D. A. Wiedenfeld, S. H. M. Butchart, Financial Costs of Meeting Global Biodiversity Conservation Targets: Current Spending and Unmet Needs Science. ,vol. 338, pp. 946- 949 ,(2012) , 10.1126/SCIENCE.1229803
Rômulo Romeu da Nóbrega Alves, Gentil Alves Pereira Filho, Commercialization and Use of Snakes in North and Northeastern Brazil: Implications for Conservation and Management Biodiversity and Conservation. ,vol. 16, pp. 969- 985 ,(2007) , 10.1007/S10531-006-9036-7
VV Kuhnen, VT Kanaan, Wildlife trade in Brazil: A closer look at wild pets welfare issues Brazilian Journal of Biology. ,vol. 74, pp. 124- 127 ,(2014) , 10.1590/1519-6984.18912
R. J. Smith, R. D. J. Muir, M. J. Walpole, A. Balmford, N. Leader-Williams, Governance and the loss of biodiversity Nature. ,vol. 426, pp. 67- 70 ,(2003) , 10.1038/NATURE02025
RÔMULO ROMEU NÓBREGA ALVES, JOSÉ RIBAMAR DE FARIAS LIMA, HELDER FARIAS P. ARAUJO, The live bird trade in Brazil and its conservation implications: an overview Bird Conservation International. ,vol. 23, pp. 53- 65 ,(2013) , 10.1017/S095927091200010X
Jonathan H. Hanson, David McNair, Should conservationists continue to dodge the issue of tax dodging Oryx. ,vol. 48, pp. 313- 314 ,(2014) , 10.1017/S0030605314000386