Glia–neuron interactions in the mammalian retina

摘要: The mammalian retina provides an excellent opportunity to study glia-neuron interactions and the of glia with blood vessels. Three main types glial cells are found in that serve maintain retinal homeostasis: astrocytes, Muller resident microglia. cells, astrocytes microglia not only provide structural support but they also involved metabolism, phagocytosis neuronal debris, release certain transmitters trophic factors K(+) uptake. Astrocytes mostly located nerve fibre layer accompany vessels inner nuclear layer. Indeed, like astrocytic processes cover forming barrier fulfil a significant role ion homeostasis. Among other activities, can be stimulated macrophage function, as well interact neurons by secreting growth factors. This review summarizes functional relationships between neurons, presenting general picture recently modified based on experimental observations. preferential involvement distinct terms activity is discussed, for example, while may progenitors responsible synaptic pruning. Since different participate together activities retina, it imperative explore order redundancy heterogeneity among these cells. Recent studies revealed association cell specific functions. Finally, neuroprotective effects photoreceptors ganglion under normal adverse conditions will explored.