Observed Maximum Run-Out Distance of Snow Avalanches and the Determination of the Friction Coefficients µ and ξ

摘要: To fix the limits of different hazards in avalanche-hazard maps one uses criteria pertaining to avalanche dynamics. These are at present velocity and run-out distance a given for place. In 1955 A. Voellmy published his theory dynamics which has widely been used practical map preparation. Since 1962 equations have also by Eidg. Institut fur Schnee- und Lawinenforschung (EISLF) calculate pressures distances. Furthermore B. Salm developed another equation calculation distances 1978. Both contain two friction coefficients, µ ξ . Little is known about them opinions, even among specialists, differ on what values should be them. This paper presents field observations very long pairs For zoning, only extreme interest, i.e. low high calibration those ten avalanches from winters 1915–16, 1967–68, 1974–75, 1977–78 used. Those occurred during heavy intense snowfalls. avalanches, pair = 0.155, 1 120 m/s 2 was found 0.157, =1 067 equation. partially agree with up date EISLF. It recommended example that flowing (newly fallen snow, soft slabs) 0.16, 360