Direct Impacts of Climate Change on Freshwater Ecosystems

摘要: Changing climate is already having an impact on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of freshwater ecosystems, both directly through changes in air temperature precipitation indirectly interaction with other stressors. In future, non-climatic impacts should be reduced if pollutant loadings decrease surface-water ecosystems are progressively restored. But global warming very likely to continue, even greenhouse gases aerosols kept constant at year 2000 levels, giving rise a minimum projected average further increase in by 0.6°C end this century (IPCC 2007). Changes as illustrated here continue will become much more pronounced gas emissions cross critical thresholds that cause abrupt nonlinear system shifts occur.