Use of GPS location clusters analysis to study predation, feeding, and maternal behavior of the Eurasian lynx

摘要: Analysis of global positioning system (GPS) location clusters (GLCs) is becoming increasingly popular in studies carnivore ecology. While promising, this application GPS technology still poorly developed for most species. We applied method to study predation and maternal behavior the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) Dinaric Mountains. Low population densities, rugged terrain, dense vegetation, administrative borders make endangered using traditional methods a limited budget very challenging. used geographic information linear mixed-effects models understand movement during consumption process denning period estimate kill rates. A total 99 % kills were found at GLCs longer than 30 h with minimum two locations within 300 m. confirmed 86 potential all dens that searched field. High success predicting den sites showed suitable species GLC analysis methods. Comparison field-confirmed model predictions possibility remote estimation approximate rates lynx. Movements primarily affected by daytime period, time since last kill/den translocation, category, their interactions. Based on empirical data, we programmed simulations movements elaborated recommendations more efficient field procedures designs (GPS schedules) future studies. believe our findings approach will also benefit other similar behavior.