Primary cilia are highly oriented with respect to collagen direction and long axis of extensor tendon

摘要: Skeletal tissues adapt to their mechanical environments by modulating gene expression, cell metabolism, and extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture; however, the mechanosensory mechanisms for these processes are incompletely understood. Primary cilia have emerged as critical components of cellular apparatus been hypothesized participate in establishment ECM orientation, but function skeletal is just beginning be examined. Here we focused on tendon, a tissue with an oriented that ideal analysis spatial relationships between primary ECM. The objective this study was characterize incidence orientation tenocyte native cilia, nuclei, collagen were analyzed three-dimensionally immunofluorescently labeled rat extensor tendon using multiphoton microscopy semiautomated morphometry. observed 64% tenocytes. highly respect ECM: aligned parallel fibers long axis tendon. This represents first quantification situ