Adaptive and turbulent governance. Ways of governing that foster resilience. the case of the covid-19 pandemic

摘要: The current COVID-19 pandemic highlighted something that was already known for decades: modern governments need to master the art of equilibristics – they offer public value in all governance arenas while battling increasing levels uncertainty and change. Looking back at last decade, unpredictable change has been norm rather than exception (whether it is political level Arab Spring (2011), 2016 US elections, Brexit (2016) social Occupy Wall Street movement EU migrant-refugee crisis (2016), Black Lives Matter, #Metoo or economic 2008, which prompted sovereign debt multiple countries, China replacing as largest economy) environment operate never seen such a particular type dynamic. can be almost an organic culmination this dynamic, perfect storm, highlighting essence new operate: highly complex, unpredictable, interdependent one word turbulent. point not discuss nature these changes whether match perfectly definition black swan event, but raise important question: how should (and society whole) react adapt challenges? Are institutional structures patterns governing able deal with turbulence? From perspective, two major concepts stand out potential framework dealing situations: adaptive (Hatfield-Dodds, 2007) turbulent (Ansell, Trondal Ogard, 2017).