Mapping the Basal Ganglia

摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes how the results of in vitro and vivo mapping studies have shaped current understanding role played by basal ganglia control movement. An important factor to consider when translating structural imaging studies, which identify neuronal pathways transmitter associated with them, functional terms, is fact that “inhibitory” “excitatory” neurotransmitters do not operate isolation. Similarly, increased activity excitatory (glutamatergic) thought lead automatically stimulation postsynaptic neurons. In reality, each neuron brain under influence multiple inputs containing a variety neurotransmitters. The effect any given input on depends membrane potential neuron, result its intrinsic properties other Anatomical evidence indicates dopaminergic neurons may output neurons, only through their projections striatum but also direct pallidum even subthalamic nucleus. pallidum, substantia nigra, nucleus receive from tegmentopedunculopontine nucleus, group mesencephalic reticular formation. globus pallidus sends striatum, internal nigra pars reticulata, thalamus. extensive set connections explain why changes gene expression observed show good correlation behavior models movement disorders.