Type 2 cytokines: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies

摘要: Type 2 immune responses are defined by the cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, which can either be host protective or have pathogenic activity. immunity promotes antihelminth immunity, suppresses type 1-driven autoimmune disease, neutralizes toxins, maintains metabolic homeostasis, regulates wound repair tissue regeneration pathways following infection injury. Nevertheless, when dysregulated, they become important drivers of disease. induces a complex inflammatory response characterized eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, innate lymphoid IL-4-and/or IL-13-conditioned macrophages T helper (TH2) crucial to pathogenesis many allergic fibrotic disorders. As chronic promote mechanisms that regulate their maintenance thought function as disease modifiers. This Review discusses endogenous negative regulatory antagonize highlights how therapies target some these being developed treat 2-mediated