Response and Resistance to Ionizing Radiation

摘要: For many years, the impact of ionizing radiation on cell biology and survival was not fully understood, thought to be solely dependent levels DNA damage caused following exposure. Similarly, mechanisms by which growth factors cytokines modulate behavior were largely unknown. In mid-1980s, with discovery first mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway subsequent discoveries other MAPK family pathways in early 1990s, our understanding hormonal control provided a greater degree molecular underpinning. light these findings, ability activity (and other) signaling investigated mid-1990s. It discovered that type-dependent manner simultaneously activates multiple intracellular signal transduction pathways: activation some has been reported DNAdamage dependent, others generation lipids such as ceramide, whereas have noted mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen/ nitrogen species factor receptor tyrosine kinases. The precise roles receptors cellular responses exposure are presently under intense investigation.