Parasitoids of Oilseed Rape Pests in Europe: Key Species for Conservation Biocontrol

摘要: The six most important pests of oilseed rape are host to at least 80 species parasitoid, mostly parasitic Hymenoptera, particularly braconids, chalcids and ichneumonids. Most them attack the egg or larval stages their hosts. Based on reviews literature extensive sampling programmes during EU project MASTER (QLK5-CT-2001-01447), 12 have been identified as key parasitoid these in winter rape, and, with little divergence, also spring nearly all European countries where hosts occur. Some recorded for first time individual partner countries. They sufficiently widespread abundant across Europe be potential economic importance conservation biological control target pests. Their incidence abundance were associated occurrence hosts, thereby indicating close host-parasitoid-relationships.