The Relative Contributions of the X Chromosome and Autosomes to Local Adaptation

摘要: Models of sex chromosome and autosome evolution yield key predictions about the genomic basis adaptive divergence, such models have been important in guiding empirical research comparative genomics studies speciation. In addition to differentiation that occurs between species over time, selection also favors genetic divergence across geographic space, with subpopulations single evolving conspicuous differences traits involved adaptation local environmental conditions. The potential contribution chromosomes (the X or Z ) remains unclear, as we currently lack theory directly links spatial variation -linked autosomal genes. Here, develop population explicitly consider effects dominance, effective size, sex-specific migration on relative contributions genes adaptation. We show should nearly always disproportionately contribute presence gene flow. considerations dominance size—which play pivotal roles faster- species—have surprisingly little influence Instead, sex-biased is primary mediator strength large- effects. Our results novel role outline approaches evolutionary quantitative genetics could build upon this new theory.