Chlorpyrifos: ecological risk assessment in North American aquatic environments.

摘要: The objective of this risk assessment was to determine the probability and significance effects organophosphate insecticide, chlorpyrifos, on aquatic ecosystems in North America. addressed both agricultural nonagricultural uses. However, primary focus ecosystems, especially row crops and, particular, “corn-belt” agroecosystems. also potential from other uses as well urban such turf, termiticide, home use. Exposure freshwater saltwater environments were considered. Aquatic invertebrates fish included assessment, but amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals not. exposure these organisms is small because a lack biomagnification chlorpyrifos. Thus, if their prey are not affected, it unlikely that at higher trophic levels would be adversely affected. Measurements chlorpyrifos residues have shown low concentrations (USEPA 1992b). Insufficient data amphibians available for direct risks. A terrestrial conducted parallel with (Kendall et al., manuscript). Chlorpyrifos used isolation, substances same mechanism action may co-occur some display additive toxicity (Bailey al. 1997). Although presence compounds could influence overall conclusions class anticholinesterase insecticides, extensive resources necessary conduct classwide review they excluded evaluation.