Setting water quality criteria in China: approaches for developing species sensitivity distributions for metals and metalloids.

摘要: Water quality criteria (WQCs) refer to the maximum acceptable concentrations of specific chemicals or magnitudes parameters in water that protect aquatic life and human health under certain conditions (USEPA 1976). When deriving WQC for use regional ecosystems, sociopolitical economic factors need be considered (Meng Wu 2010). The concept is often used making policy, managing environment, assessing quality, controlling pollution, restoring environmental crises (Wu et al. Some countries organizations have created guidelines describe what suitable prevalent country region. Since 1960s, United States has undertaken a series long-term studies develop national pollutants threaten organisms 1968, 1976, 1986, 1999, 2002, 2004, 2009). In past few decades, Australia, Canada, European Union, Netherlands, World Health Organization have, respectively, developed their own WQCs environments (CCME 1999; ANZECC ARMCANZ 2000; ECB 2003; WHO 2006; RIVM 2007).