Multiple attractors of host-parasitoid models with integrated pest management strategies: eradication, persistence and outbreak.

摘要: Host-parasitoid models including integrated pest management (IPM) interventions with impulsive effects at both fixed and unfixed times were analyzed regard to host-eradication, host-parasitoid persistence host-outbreak solutions. The host-eradication periodic solution moments is globally stable if the host's intrinsic growth rate less than summation of mean host-killing parasitization during period. Solutions for all three categories can coexist, switch-like transitions among their attractors showing that varying dosages frequencies insecticide applications numbers parasitoids released are crucial. Periodic solutions also exist which maximum amplitude host economic threshold. IPM these much reduced in comparison pest-eradication solution. Our results, robust inclusion stochastic a wide range parameter values, confirm more effective any single control tactic.