Methods for producing human insulin

摘要: The present disclosure relates to the application of genetic engineering provide artificial β cells, i.e. cells which can secrete insulin in response glucose. This is achieved preferably through introduction one or more genes selected from gene, glucokinase and glucose transporter so as an engineered cell having all three these a biologically functional responsive configuration. Assays for detecting presence diabetes-associated antibodies biological samples using other expressing epitopes are described. Also disclosed methods large-scale production by perfusing grown liquid culture, with glucose-containing buffers.