Cryptic inoviruses are pervasive in bacteria and archaea across Earth’s biomes

摘要: Author(s): Roux, Simon; Krupovic, Mart; Daly, Rebecca; Borges, Adair; Nayfach, Stephen; Schulz, Frederik; Cheng, Jan-Fang; Ivanova, Natalia; Bondy-Denomy, Joseph; Wrighton, Kelly; Woyke, Tanja; Visel, Axel; Kyrpides, Nikos; Eloe-Fadrosh, Emiley | Abstract: Abstract Bacteriophages from the Inoviridae family (inoviruses) are characterized by their unique morphology, genome content, and infection cycle. To date, a relatively small number of inovirus isolates have been extensively studied, either for biotechnological applications such as phage display, or because impact on toxicity known bacterial pathogens including Vibrio cholerae Neisseria meningitidis . Here we show that current 56 members represent minute fraction highly diverse group inoviruses. Using new machine learning approach leveraging combination marker gene features, identified 10,295 inovirus-like genomes microbial metagenomes. Collectively, these six distinct proposed families infecting nearly all phyla across virtually every ecosystem. Putative inoviruses were also detected in several archaeal genomes, suggesting viruses may occasionally transferred to hosts. Finally, an expansive diversity inovirus-encoded toxin-antitoxin expression modulation systems, alongside evidence both synergistic (CRISPR evasion) antagonistic (superinfection exclusion) interactions with co-infecting which experimentally validated Pseudomonas model. Capturing this previously obscured component global virosphere sparks avenues manipulation approaches innovative applications.