Statistical characterization of bed roughness due to bed forms: A field study in the Elbe River at Aken, Germany

摘要: [1] Bed form geometry and dynamics in a straight section of the Elbe River Germany is analyzed considering measured bed surfaces as two-dimensional random fields elevations. Statistically derived roughness parameters are evaluated from high-resolution digital elevation models, which were available for range flow rates low flows to floods. The key results relate identification characteristic scaling regions surface spectra, observed relationships between water discharge both standard deviation factor “−3” spectral law Two-dimensional second-order structure functions elevations also gain further insight into spatial sand wave beds. In addition, interrelations rate hysteresis statistical forms, well effects channel modification by groynes, highlighted discussed. reported demonstrate that forms may be used characterization prediction flow-dependent roughness.