Anxiety sensitivity and expectation of arousal differentially affect the respiratory response to caffeine.

摘要: Rationale This study aimed to test how expectations and anxiety sensitivity influence respiratory autonomic responses caffeine. Objectives The current investigated the effects of expected vs. unexpected caffeine ingestion in a group persons prone anxiety-provoking effect (high sensitive persons, that is, scoring at least one SD above mean on Anxiety Sensitivity Index (Peterson Reiss 1992)) as compared low-anxious controls. Methods Autonomic arousal (heart rate, skin conductance level), responding (expired CO2, minute ventilation), subjective report were assessed high low participants immediately after beverage consumption absorption peak (30 min post-consumption) four separate sessions during which either coffee (expectation caffeine) or bitter lemon soda (no expectation was crossed with 4 mg/kg no drug. Results High showed comparable symptom reports modulated by expectation, i.e., greater for coffee. Respiratory (CO2 decrease, ventilation increase) more accentuated when both administered but unexpectedly group. observable within few minutes administration most pronounced maximum absorption. Conclusions results highlight modulating role expectancies might have important implications better understanding panic attacks.