Neuromyelitis optica: an overview

摘要: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a relapsing inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system that closely resembles multiple sclerosis. This review discusses recent understanding NMO with reference to epidemiology, clinical spectrum, immunopathology, diagnostic evaluation, course and management. Within spectrum NMO, classical form (with opticomyelitis) limited forms (either recurrent myelitis or optic neuritis), as well its association other autoimmune disorders, have been recognised in years. Further, symptomatic asymptomatic cerebral lesions may be present, such brain do not necessarily exclude diagnosis. In appropriate context, diagnosis supported by longitudinally extensive on spinal MRI. Overwhelming evidence strongly indicates aquaporin 4 antibody has pathogenetic role development serves useful prognostic marker. Detection this autoantibody led categorisation an channelopathy. can distinguished from sclerosis combination clinical, radiological laboratory studies. However, nosological position Asian opticospinal settled. acute attacks usually result moderate severe functional impairment, and, absence secondary progressive (unlike relapsing-remitting sclerosis), prevention relapses crucial importance management disease. Indeed, relapse long-term immunosuppressive medication remains cornerstone therapy otherwise debilitating disease!