Clergy Apologies Following Abuse: What Makes A Difference? Exploring Forgiveness, Apology, Responsibility-Taking, Gender, and Restoration

摘要: We examined the effects of apology and gender on willingness to forgive or restore clergy following a sexual offense. In Study 1, men were more restoring than women were. Men forgiving female pastor who did not apologize, male apologize. 2, we effect three features (admission guilt, excuse-making, responsibility-taking), as well influence participant gender, forgiveness. Women took responsibility, take responsibility. concluded with suggestions for research practice. recent past, much has been conducted topic forgiveness (Karremans, Van Lange, Ouwerkerk, & Kluwer, 2003; McCullough, Fincham, Tsang, Mullet et al., 2003). Researchers have found relationships between mental health (Coyle Enright, 1997; Freedman Konstam 2000), physical (Witvliet, Ludwig, Vander Laan, 2001), healthy (Boon Sulsky, Worthington, 1998). addition, researchers studied in response apologies (Bennett Earwalker, 1994; Ziechmeister Romero, 2002) responsibility-taking, usually form restitution offers compensation (Schoener Gonsiorek, 1988; 2002). Some exists concerning relationship (Konstam, Chernoff, Deveney, 2001; Ryan Kumar, 2005), limited these variables they relate congregants (Hopkins Laaser, 1995; Pop, Sutton, Jones, 2008; Sutton Thomas, 2005a). present two studies, looked at (presence type), including responsibility-taking ability minister violated boundaries congregant. Extent Impact Problem Clearly, abuse by is an ongoing problem (Francis Turner, Hadman-Cromwell, 1991). Over last decades, boundary violations range from 12% 15% (How common, Thoburn Balswick, studies forgiveness, McLeland, Weaks, Cogs well, Miphouvieng (2007) 29% 37% participants reported knowing that affected ministry, 20% 27% had while ministry. (See 2005a, comprehensive review problem.) Even though are problem, offenses workers towards clients against congregants; furthermore, results professionals both groups similarities (Bajt Pope, 1989; Haspel, Jorgensen, Wincze, Parsons, Lamb Catanzaro, 1998; 1987; Rodolfa, Kitzrow, Vohra, 1990; Washburn, Comtois, Moeckel, 2000). A either situation violation (Lamb Lamb, Moorman, 2003) involves power differential (Hadman-Cromwell, fact, ethics professionals, pastoral counselors, prohibit detailed professional codes criminal civil statutes this topic.) Sexual those helping fields potential cause great harm victims. Symptoms sexually their therapists can include depression, loss motivation, interpersonal difficulties, suicidal ideation behavior, increased drug alcohol use, (Bouhoutsos, Holroyd, Lerman, Forer, Greenberg, 1983), emotional turmoil, isolation, self-blame, rage, fear, shame, problems trust (Disch Avery, 2001). …