Molecular epidemiology of smoking and lung cancer.

摘要: Lung cancer is the single most common cause of death, and almost all it due to tobacco smoking. Before widespread use cigarettes in this century, lung was a rare illness. Tobacco smoke complex mixture numerous mutagens carcinogens. Over last 40 years, type frequently used has been changing, namely increased low tar nicotine cigarettes. This accompanied by an risk smokers' need maintain blood levels, which turn causes for smoking more per day deeper inhalation. phenomena led increasing rates adenocarcinoma, compared squamous cell carcinoma. It also probably explains, part, greater women men (in addition some biological differences). The study involves many types biomarkers, including those that measure exposure, biologically effective dose harm. these allowed us understand parts carcinogenesis. Genetic susceptibilities play large role risk. They govern behavior (affecting dopamine reward mechanisms metabolism), carcinogen metabolism detoxification, DNA repair, cycle control other cellular responses. highlighted improve cessation reduce exposure among persons who cannot quit smoking, better prevention strategies former smokers understanding environmental