Review article: Supra-oesophageal manifestations of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

摘要: Supra-oesophageal manifestations of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are common and often under-appreciated, in part due to the absence classic symptoms heartburn regurgitation. Patients with supra-oesophageal GERD may report involving pulmonary, otolaryngologic or pharyngeal systems. Endoscopy is negative therefore limited diagnostic value these patients, while laryngoscopy 24 h dual-channel intra-oesophageal pH-metry have greater yields they costly, invasive time-consuming. Therefore, a trial proton pump inhibitor therapy now widely considered first-line test those suspected GERD-induced symptoms. The dose as well duration dependent upon patient's presenting For example, GERD-related non-cardiac chest pain be relieved short-term (e.g. 1 week) treatment standard doses inhibitor. use high-dose twice daily for an extended period 2-3 months) required before any discernible improvement pulmonary pharyngo-laryngitis noted. who do not experience symptom following require further evaluations including oesophageal pH studies, on acid anti-secretory therapy, establish persistent reflux. role anti-reflux surgical endoscopic interventions remains established.