Contributions of microscopy to the study of the Upper Paleolithic Homalopoma sanguineum shell beads

摘要: Abstract Recently, there has been a proliferation of studies focused on traceological analyses shell tools, most which have carried out using high magnifications. In contrast, wear patterns identified in other types objects, such as ornaments, are usually analyzed at low A new approach to the technological and functional analysis Paleolithic Homalopoma sanguineum beads is proposed here. This taxon considered especially problematic archaeomalacology for several reasons. First, it very rare species current coasts, so conducting perforation suspension experiments logistically difficult. leaves two unique routes acquisition data: analogous seashells, not recommended based characteristics internal structure this species, or directly through study archaeological specimens. Secondly, impossible successfully perform use-wear due physical species. Lastly, reflective capacity species' inner nacreous layer can make its via optical microscopy Given these issues, goal compare advantages disadvantages equipment conventionally used analysis. By comparing multiple microscopes’ accuracy identifying polishing, striation, micro-chipping patterns, set criteria generated be only H. saguineum, but wide range ornaments.