Optical Spectra and Electronic Structure

摘要: Much of our knowledge the electronic properties actinides in solutions and solids is obtained from optical spectroscopy. One features that sets actinide spectra apart those other elements periodic table, aside lanthanide series, their f-orbitals can be considered both as containing optically active electrons belonging to core inner shells. As a result this dominant characteristic, these elements, particularly lower valence states, are moderately insensitive changes ionic environment. Although ion–ligand interactions shift split energy levels f-orbitals, scale crystal–field splitting generally smaller than intra-ionic Coulomb interaction spin–orbit coupling. The relative insensitivity f-electrons external forces also means for there close connection between compounds gaseous free atoms ions. Table 18.1 lists scales various mechanisms will discussed chapter through analysis modeling states ions compounds.