Design optimisation for window size, orientation, and wall reflectance with regard to various daylight metrics and lighting energy demand: A case study of buildings in the tropics

摘要: Design optimisation problems of window size and facade orientation in buildings have been investigated many times, with regard to energy comfort criteria. To indicate daylight availability indoor spaces, a number metrics proposed, but those are not always fully accounted the process. Also, most studies were conducted for locations high latitude, where sun is located time either at south or north part sky hemisphere, which case tropics. Therefore, this article presents simulation study investigate influence window-to-wall ratio (WWR), wall reflectance, on various lighting demand simple tropical climate. A approach multi-objective was proposed by classifying results six pairs two different performance indicators. Solutions all Pareto frontiers filtered against defined target criteria, accepted into optimum solution space if they belong least 4 out 6 frontiers, ranked order their mean distance utopia points, times frontier. Three solutions found, four frontiers. The points combination WWR 30%, reflectance 0.8, orientation. enables one observe inter-relationship between involved indicators, while providing possibility visualise boundaries space.