Canadian Association of Neuroscience Review: Respiratory Control and Behavior in Humans: Lessons from Imaging and Experiments of Nature

摘要: The purpose of this review is to demonstrate that respiration a complex behavior comprising both brainstem autonomic control and supramedullary influences, including volition. Whereas some fundamental mechanisms had be established using animal models, focuses on clinical cases physiological studies in humans illustrate normal abnormal respiratory behavior. To summarize, central drive generated the rostroventrolateral medulla, transmitted upper airway main accessory muscles. Afferent feedback provided from lung muscle mechnoreceptors, peripheral carotid aortic chemoreceptors, multiple chemoreceptors. Supramedullary regions, cortex subcortex, modulate or initiate breathing with volition, emotion at onset exercise. Autonomic can perturbed by pathology space occupying lesions, compression, congenital hypoventilation syndrome sudden infant death syndrome. Sleep-wake states are important regulating breathing. Thus, abnormalities most often evident during sleep, transition sleep wakefulness. Previously undiagnosed structural may revealed sleep. Ondine's curse 'the locked-in syndrome' serve distinguish regulatory humans: former comprises loss requires volitional for survival, latter entails corticospinal corticobulbar tracts required breathing, but preserves control.