Industrial symbiosis contributing to more sustainable energy use – an example from the forest industry in Kymenlaakso, Finland

摘要: Abstract Industrial symbiosis (IS) studies the physical flows of materials and energy in local industrial systems using a approach. In this study total fuel use, greenhouse gas emissions are calculated for an ‘industrial park’ operating same manner as IS. Moreover relevance symbiosis, particularly one centred on pulp paper manufacturing, moving towards more sustainable consumption reduced is discussed. The system compared to hypothetical stand-alone production. Moreover, possibilities reduce use park identified.