Cancer death epidemics in United States Black males: Evaluating courses, causation, and cures
作者： Bruce N. Leistikow , Alexander Tsodikov
DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2004.12.011
关键词: Medicine 、 Cancer death 、 Black male 、 Gerontology 、 Lung cancer 、 Population 、 Mortality rate 、 Cancer Death Rate 、 Demography 、 Cancer 、 Age adjustment
摘要: Abstract Background. Estimates that smoking contributes 38–72% of the United States (US) Black male cancer death rate leave a wide range uncertainty. This paper uses additional and regional data, refined methods, to reassess range. Methods. study lung rates as an exposure index, linear regression, age adjusted US 1950–2001 1969–2001 (rates), formula: smoking-attributable fraction (SAF) = (1 − ((rate in unexposed) / (rate exposed))). Estimated unexposed between predicted for population with no cancers seen “nonsmokers.” Results. Lung 99.9% 99.8% variances non-lung non-stomach from 1950–1980 1950–1988, respectively (each P Conclusions. Smoking may cause most premature deaths temporal disparities men.
elsevier.com
sci-hub.se 参考文章(21)
D L Hoyert, M F MacDorman, J F Spitler, J D Maurer, N J Johnson, C Scott, H M Rosenberg, P D Sorlie, Quality of death rates by race and Hispanic origin: a summary of current research, 1999. Vital and health statistics. Series 2, Data evaluation and methods research. pp. 1- 13 ,(1999)
Miller Rw, McKay Fw, Hanson Mr, Cancer mortality in the United States: 1950-1977. National Cancer Institute monograph. ,vol. 59, pp. 1- 475 ,(1982)
E. J. Feuer, R. M. Merrill, B. F. Hankey, Cancer surveillance series: interpreting trends in prostate cancer--part II: Cause of death misclassification and the recent rise and fall in prostate cancer mortality. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. ,vol. 91, pp. 1025- 1032 ,(1999) , 10.1093/JNCI/91.12.1025
Majid Ezzati, None, How can cross-country research on health risks strengthen interventions? Lessons from INTERHEART The Lancet. ,vol. 364, pp. 912- 914 ,(2004) , 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17035-9
Michael J. Thun, Clark W. Heath, Changes in mortality from smoking in two American Cancer Society prospective studies since 1959. Preventive Medicine. ,vol. 26, pp. 422- 426 ,(1997) , 10.1006/PMED.1997.0182
M. J Thun, Passive smoking: Tobacco industry publishes disinformation BMJ. ,vol. 327, pp. 502- c ,(2003) , 10.1136/BMJ.327.7413.502-C
B Leistikow, Lung cancer rates as an index of tobacco smoke exposures: validation against black male∼non-lung cancer death rates, 1969–2000 Preventive Medicine. ,vol. 38, pp. 511- 515 ,(2004) , 10.1016/J.YPMED.2003.11.025
Majid Ezzati, Alan D Lopez, None, Estimates of global mortality attributable to smoking in 2000 The Lancet. ,vol. 362, pp. 847- 852 ,(2003) , 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14338-3
John C. Bailar, Elaine M. Smith, Progress against Cancer The New England Journal of Medicine. ,vol. 314, pp. 1226- 1232 ,(1986) , 10.1056/NEJM198605083141905
Phyllis A. Wingo, Cheryll J. Cardinez, Sarah H. Landis, Robert T. Greenlee, Lynn A. G. Ries, Robert N. Anderson, Michael J. Thun, Long-term trends in cancer mortality in the United States, 1930–1998 Cancer. ,vol. 97, pp. 3133- 3275 ,(2003) , 10.1002/CNCR.11380