Development of Biomarkers for Alcoholism and Polysubstance Abuse

摘要: The essential feature of polysubstance abuse and addiction, including alcoholism, is the con- tinuous use abused substances despite adverse consequences to individual society. patients develop certain levels tolerance, withdrawal compulsive drug-taking behavior. Thus, there are two aspects in addiction; (1) psychological features that could explain reason why people start do not stop taking signifi cant body social consequences, (2) physical symptoms, intoxication, would occur most ani- mals after repeated drug (alcohol) administration. disease-related brain mechanism for later aspect may be clearer because it altered by substance gene expression, signals molecular pathway, or neural/glial structure, compared with other psychiatric disorders. However, such pharmacological-behavioral phenomena might all clinical symptoms human dependence, at present, few diagnostic tools biomarkers available. Most drugs, like cocaine, morphine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, nicotine, etc., bind different transporters recep- tors brain, pathways underlie alcoholism abuse. On hand, "a core function" common addiction sub- stances has been found. Recent genome wide asso- ciation studies (GWAS) gene-expression profi ling have piled up some evidences underlying abuse, those molecules potentials useful disorder. Furthermore, biological found comor- bidity depression, personality chronic stress as response environmental triggers. recent reviewed this chapter provide a basis potential markers future medicine.