Evolution of Visceral Control in Invertebrates

摘要: The control of invertebrate viscera – mainly the vascular and digestive systems has evolved over millions years by first developing basic cellular components in single-cell animals. were then incorporated into neural mechanisms for pumping, chewing, peristaltic activities metazoa. details circuits producing these behaviors can be illustrated five preparations that progress from simple to more complex networks. Comparison as well their neuromodulatory explain a great deal about how they have evolved.