Antimicrobial Activities of European Propolis Collected from Various Geographic Origins Alone and in Combination with Antibiotics

摘要: Background: Propolis consists of a complex mixture resinous substances collected by honeybees from different plant sources. The objective this study was to investigate the chemical composition, biological activities, and synergistic properties with antibiotics propolis samples various geographic origins (Germany, Ireland, Czech Republic). Methods: composition analyzed Gas Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GLC-MS) High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) bactericidal (MBC) were evaluated standard broth microdilution method, while interactions assessed checkerboard dilution time-kill curve assays. Results: HPLC GLC-MS analyses revealed that ethanol extract (EEP) water extracts (WEP) contained more than 100 phytochemicals. most abundant compounds aromatic alcohols, acids, cinnamic acid its esters, fatty flavanone (chrysin). showed highest phenolic content (129.83 ± 5.9 mg CAE/g) followed Irish German propolis. Furthermore, exhibited value total flavonoid (2.86 0.2 QE/g) antioxidant activity (IC50 = 26.45 µg/mL). All moderate antibacterial effect against Gram-positive microorganisms MIC ranging 0.08 mg/mL 2.5 mg/mL. Moreover, EEP Gram-negative bacteria between 0.6 5 In addition, displayed antifungal (MIC values 0.6–2.5 mg/mL). results obtained time kill-kinetic assay test two-drug combinations such as vancomycin, oxacillin, levofloxacin indicate mainly drug-resistant microbial pathogens including MRSA VRE. Conclusions: synergistically enhanced efficacy antibiotics, especially those acting on cell wall synthesis (vancomycin oxacillin) microorganisms.