Macular Pigment Carotenoids and Their Roles in Human Eye Health and Diseases

摘要: Macular pigment (MP) carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin and their metabolites are the pigments that account for yellow color of human macula. The majority MP is deposited at fovea’s Henle fiber layer which consists foveal cones’ axons, its highest concentration can reach 1 mM. cannot be synthesized in or animal bodies, so vegetables fruits generally serve as a carotenoid source. uptake process complex, with several carotenoid-binding proteins, such glutathione S-transferase P1, StAR-related lipid transfer domain protein 3, tubulin involved, along participation some transport proteins HDL scavenger receptor class B member 1. Many instruments have been invented to measure macular optical density, we discuss heterochromatic flicker photometry, fundus reflectometry, autofluorescence imaging, resonance Raman spectroscopy. Two proposed functions photoprotection acuity enhancement. Their protective mechanisms thought following: (1) filtering blue light prevent formation free radicals, especially singlet oxygen (2) reducing oxidation by directly quenching other reactive species. We also relationship age-related degeneration, telangiectasia type 2, potential improve visual acuity. In addition, recent ocular supplementation studies reviewed this chapter.