Chronic pain as an outcome of surgery. A review of predictive factors.

摘要: ONE potential adverse outcome from surgery is chronic pain. Analysis of predictive and pathologic factors important to develop rational strategies prevent this problem. Additionally, the natural history patients with without persistent pain after provides an opportunity improve understanding physiology psychology Ideally, studies postoperative should include (1) sufficient preoperative data (assessment pain, physiologic psychologic risk for pain); (2) detailed descriptions operative approaches used (location length incisions, handling nerves muscles); (3) intensity character acute its management; (4) follow-up at intervals 1 yr or more. In addition, there would be information about interventions that may influence such as radiation therapy chemotherapy. At long-term visits, patient function, physical signs, symptoms evaluated using a standardized algorithm, including quantitative descriptive assessments. We found no contain all these data. For review, we specifically sought population reflect incidence predictors (medical, physiologic, psychologic) selected five groups surgeries (limb amputations, breast surgery, gallbladder lung inguinal hernia surgery). These were because known high, thus improving probability detecting factors. They also represent range major surgical procedures.