Comparative analysis of crowding in multiple locations: Results from fifteen years of research
作者： Bo Shelby , Jerry J. Vaske , Thomas A. Heberlein
DOI: 10.1080/01490408909512227
关键词: Social psychology 、 Visitor pattern 、 Scale (social sciences) 、 Affect (psychology) 、 Crowding in 、 Management strategy 、 Demography 、 Crowding 、 Geography 、 Recreation 、 Aggregate data
摘要: Abstract Crowding is one of the most frequently studied phenomena in outdoor recreation literature, but almost all research focuses on single populations or settings and individual‐level analysis. The present study uses comparative analysis aggregate data to explore questions that studies cannot answer. Data come from more than 17,000 individuals 35 59 different activities located throughout northeast, midwest, northwest United States New Zealand. All used same single‐item measure assess visitor judgments crowding. Dividing nine‐point response scale reflect percentage respondents reporting some degree crowding produced a rating for each setting. scores ranged 12 100%, with mean 57% (standard deviation, 22%). analyses suggest varies by time, resource availability, accessibility convenience, management strategy. Factors did not affect in...
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