Investigating inhomogeneous electronic properties of radial junction solar cells using correlative microscopy

作者: Martin Müller , Matěj Hývl , Markus Kratzer , Christian Teichert , Soumyadeep Misra

DOI: 10.7567/JJAP.54.08KA08

关键词: Kelvin probe force microscopeMicroscopeRight triangleScanning electron microscopeMicroscopyNanowireOpticsConductive atomic force microscopyPosition (vector)Materials science

摘要: Solar cells with radial junctions based on silicon nanowires were investigated using correlative microscopy in order to determine the nature and origin of previously reported inhomogeneity their electronic properties. For correlating various techniques, we have prepared sets three Vickers type nanoindents arranged a right triangle 20 µm sides as marks local frame reference. Due shape indents (squares 4 clear diagonals) position can be located high precision by microscopes. This makes it possible correlate results from scanning electron microscopy, Kelvin probe force conductive atomic techniques same place sample, down individual nanowires, obtaining new information about inhomogeneity. Using AFM analyzed growth process step find origins (photo)current variations.

参考文章(26)
Yinghuan Kuang, Marcel Di Vece, Jatindra K Rath, Lourens van Dijk, Ruud E I Schropp, Elongated nanostructures for radial junction solar cells. Reports on Progress in Physics. ,vol. 76, pp. 106502- ,(2013) , 10.1088/0034-4885/76/10/106502
Linwei Yu, Benedict O’Donnell, Martin Foldyna, Pere Roca i Cabarrocas, Radial junction amorphous silicon solar cells on PECVD-grown silicon nanowires Nanotechnology. ,vol. 23, pp. 194011- ,(2012) , 10.1088/0957-4484/23/19/194011
M. Nonnenmacher, M. P. O’Boyle, H. K. Wickramasinghe, Kelvin probe force microscopy Applied Physics Letters. ,vol. 58, pp. 2921- 2923 ,(1991) , 10.1063/1.105227
V. G. Karpov, A. D. Compaan, Diana Shvydka, Effects of nonuniformity in thin-film photovoltaics Applied Physics Letters. ,vol. 80, pp. 4256- 4258 ,(2002) , 10.1063/1.1483118
Antonín Fejfar, Matěj Hývl, Martin Ledinský, Aliaksei Vetushka, Jiří Stuchlík, Jan Kočka, Soumyadeep Misra, Benedict O’Donnell, Martin Foldyna, Linwei Yu, Pere Roca i Cabarrocas, Microscopic measurements of variations in local (photo)electronic properties in nanostructured solar cells Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. ,vol. 119, pp. 228- 234 ,(2013) , 10.1016/J.SOLMAT.2013.07.042
Phaedon Avouris, Tobias Hertel, Richard Martel, Atomic force microscope tip-induced local oxidation of silicon: kinetics, mechanism, and nanofabrication Applied Physics Letters. ,vol. 71, pp. 285- 287 ,(1997) , 10.1063/1.119521
Brendan M. Kayes, Harry A. Atwater, Nathan S. Lewis, Comparison of the device physics principles of planar and radial p-n junction nanorod solar cells Journal of Applied Physics. ,vol. 97, pp. 114302- ,(2005) , 10.1063/1.1901835
Linwei Yu, Lorenzo Rigutti, Maria Tchernycheva, Soumyadeep Misra, Martin Foldyna, Gennaro Picardi, Pere Roca i Cabarrocas, Assessing individual radial junction solar cells over millions on VLS-grown silicon nanowires. Nanotechnology. ,vol. 24, pp. 275401- ,(2013) , 10.1088/0957-4484/24/27/275401
Igor Beinik, Markus Kratzer, Astrid Wachauer, Lin Wang, Yuri P Piryatinski, Gerhard Brauer, Xin Yi Chen, Yuk Fan Hsu, Aleksandra B Djurišić, Christian Teichert, Photoresponse from single upright-standing ZnO nanorods explored by photoconductive AFM. Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. ,vol. 4, pp. 208- 217 ,(2013) , 10.3762/BJNANO.4.21
R. S. Wagner, W. C. Ellis, VAPOR‐LIQUID‐SOLID MECHANISM OF SINGLE CRYSTAL GROWTH Applied Physics Letters. ,vol. 4, pp. 89- 90 ,(1964) , 10.1063/1.1753975