Review of Pesticide Urinary Biomarker Measurements from Selected US EPA Children’s Observational Exposure Studies

摘要: Children are exposed to a wide variety of pesticides originating from both outdoor and indoor sources. Several studies were conducted or funded by the EPA over past decade investigate children’s exposure organophosphate pyrethroid factors that impact their exposures. Urinary metabolite concentration measurements these consolidated here identify trends, spatial temporal patterns, areas where further research is required. Namely, concentrations metabolites chlorpyrifos (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol TCPy), diazinon (2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol IMP), permethrin (3-phenoxybenzoic acid 3-PBA) presented. Information on kinetic parameters describing absorption elimination in humans also presented aid interpretation. Metabolite varied more dramatically across for 3-PBA IMP than TCPy, with TCPy about an order magnitude higher concentrations. Temporal variability was high all urinary slightly consistent time biomarker levels provided only limited evidence applications. The observed relationships between estimates pesticide intake may be affected differences contribution each route total intake, which vary intensity individuals.