Contaminant exposure effects in a changing climate: how multiple stressors can multiply exposure effects in the amphipod Hyalella azteca

摘要: Global climate change (GCC) is likely to intensify the synergistic effects between altered physicochemical parameters [of changing habitats] and other anthropogenic threats, such as water pollution, posing increased risks aquatic biodiversity. As such, it critical understand how organisms will respond changes in temperature salinity presence of contaminants. We exposed epibenthic amphipod Hyalella azteca a 3 × 3 factorial treatment design three temperatures salinities ranging from 12 18 °C 0 8 parts per thousand (ppt), respectively, combination with low-level environmentally relevant concentration pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin (1 ng/L). Effects on survival swimming behavior were evaluated after 96 h exposure. Transcription select suite genes was monitored at 24, 48, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Our results not only demonstrate that result negative invertebrate survival, behavior, gene response, but significantly more pronounced bifenthrin. This particularly important since greater thermal fluctuations, timing extent glacial melt, precipitation, could H. experiencing lower times coincide spraying pyrethroids. These exposures standard test species provide essential information for understanding caused by GCC conjunction increasing pesticide use, further highlighting need incorporate impacts into risk assessments contaminants concern.