The Influences of Climatic and Socioeconomic Variables on Cholera Incidence in India During the Seventh Pandemic, 1961-2008
作者： Kathleen M. Henschel
DOI:
关键词: Extreme weather 、 Geography 、 Demography 、 El Niño 、 Infant mortality 、 Human Development Index 、 Cholera 、 Socioeconomic status 、 Climatology 、 Pandemic 、 Incidence (epidemiology)
摘要: Background: Cholera outbreaks result in significant morbidity worldwide. Transmission of the disease may be influenced by weather fluctuations, such as El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and excessive rainfall, socioeconomic status (SES), including income education. Nino events influence many aspects climate, amount rainfall occurring a given year surface water temperature. This study aimed to assess influences extreme SES factors on cholera incidence India during seventh pandemic (1961-2008). Methods: Data for all variables were obtained 1961-2008. Indian population estimates (IR) from World Bank Health Organization (WHO). climatic US climate agencies. measures, gross national (GNI), Human Development Index (HDI), infant mortality rate (IMR), collected Bank, WHO, United Nations Programme. Spearman Correlations, t-tests, ANOVA, linear regressions carried out using SPSS. Results: There was no difference between IR ENSO non-ENSO years ANOVA (F=0.478, p=0.623). GNI, HDI, IMR regression models. Significant associations observed GNI (R=0.37, p<0.001), (R=0.62, HDI (R=0.43, p<0.001). Rainfall not (α<0.05) any model. Conclusion: While fluctuations did incidence, measures significantly associated with IR, suggesting that economic development is important address control.
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