Sexual reproduction of Daphnia in a deep temperate reservoir: the phenology and genetics of male formation

摘要: Long-term persistence of a Daphnia population is allowed by the production dormant stages, produced mostly through sexual reproduction. We investigated spatio-temporal dynamics male in spring galeata reservoir, and compared genetic structure three groups within this population: male-, female-producing females, adult males. With fine resolution sampling design use highly variable microsatellite markers we revealed that: (1) period offspring was delimited time with minimum interannual variation to about 3 weeks, space upper 5-m water layer; (2) there were no remarkable changes clonal composition male-producing females production; (3) overall certain clones exhibited higher tendency produce therefore lineages significantly different from that lineages; (4) not males occurring later reservoir. This suggests subjected any significant selective forces till maturity confer long-term fitness advantage over females.