Organochlorine and Pyrethroid Insecticides

摘要: The synthesis of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) by Zeidler in 1874 marked the beginning a new era characterized large-scale utilization synthetic chemicals to control various pests and pest-borne diseases. success DDT quickly led introduction other chlorinated hydrocarbons including lindane, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, chlordane. These were used massive amounts during World War II for mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever, filariasis, up 1970, standard agents insect control. hazards inherent use organochlorine insecticides began emerge same period (Hayes 1959). environmental impact insecticide application was addressed publicly dramatically Carson (1962) Silent Spring. Organochlorines can persist unchanged environment long periods time, accumulate soils translocate from their point into rivers, lakes, oceans. Due persistence high lipid solubility, they along food chains, which has widescale loss fish birds (Fendick et al. 1990; Wurster 1971). undesirable characteristics, coupled with concerns that continuous presence residues humans animals might have oncogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic consequences years later, dramatic reduction use, replacement less persistent chemicals.