Bacterial lipopolysaccharide core structures mediate effects of butanol ingress.

摘要: Abstract The outer membrane (OM) is the first defence for Gram-negative bacteria against their environments making it important in strain improvement sustainable biobutanol production. While modifying OM structure using chemical additives could enhance microbial viability, there are currently no model systems that accurately describe responses to butanol. Here, we experimentally determined reducing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core length and charge increased Escherichia coli sensitivity In silico models were built how contributes its ability withstand butanol under conditions of exposure Consistent with experiments, resistance ingress into OMs correlates both charge, where a lower density more conducive assimilation. branching correlate lateral spacing lipids, suggestive role them maintaining fluidity. contrast short-length LPS cores, intercalation longer cores increases order rigidity, which might be due porous internal structure. These findings will assist development butanol-tolerant biobutanol-producing bacteria, thicker, compact less polar LPS-core surfaces reinforce integrity further improve resilience extreme environments.