Unintentional Gerrymandering: Political Geography and Electoral Bias in Legislatures

摘要: While conventional wisdom holds that partisan bias in U.S. legislative elections results from intentional and racial gerrymandering, we demonstrate substantial can also emerge patterns of human geography. We show many states, Democrats are inefficiently concentrated large cities smaller industrial agglomerations such they expect to win fewer than 50% the seats when votes. To measure this "unintentional gerrymandering," use automated districting simulations based on precinct-level 2000 presidential election several states. Our illustrate a strong relationship between geographic concentration Democratic voters electoral favoring Republicans.