The Primacy of Race in the Geography of Income-Based Voting: New Evidence from Public Voting Records

摘要: Why does the relationship between income and partisanship vary across U.S. regions? Some answers to this question have focused on economic context (in poorer environments, economics is more salient), whereas others racial racially diverse areas, richer voters oppose party favoring redistribution). Using 73 million geocoded registration records 185,000 precinct returns, we examine income-based voting local areas. We show that political geography of inextricably tied context, only marginally explained by context. Within homogeneously nonblack localities, contextual has minimal bearing income-party relationship. The correlation strong in heavily black areas Old South other with a history racialized poverty, but weaker elsewhere, including urbanized South. results demonstrate inseparable from