Sling and Bulking Agent Placement Procedures

摘要: Sling procedures have been used for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence since early 1900s. Traditional sling are best performed with autologous rectus fascia or lata, and material should penetrate urogenital diaphragm (perineal membrane) into retropubic space. Tension-free slings using polypropylene excellent efficacy safety data applicable in an outpatient setting. They a good firstline surgical choice. Periurethral bulking agents application patients relatively immobile bladder neck cases medical compromise desire simple, office-type treatment.